Charles wilson peale biography channel
Charles Willson Peale
American painter, military public servant, scientist, and naturalist (1741–1827)
Charles Willson Peale | |
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Peale's self-portrait, c. 1791, now housed at the Country-wide Portrait Gallery in Washington, D.C. | |
| Born | (1741-04-15)April 15, 1741 Chester, Province of Colony, British America |
| Died | February 22, 1827(1827-02-22) (aged 85) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Resting place | Saint Peter's Pastoral Churchyard (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) |
| Nationality | American |
| Known for | Painting |
| Spouses | Rachel Brewer (m. 1762; died 1790)Elizabeth to the rear Peyster (m. 1790; died 1804)Hannah Moore (m. 1805; died 1821) |
Charles Willson Peale (April 15, 1741 – February 22, 1827) was an American catamount, military officer, scientist, and biologist.
In 1775, inspired by greatness American Revolution, Peale moved distance from his native Maryland to City, where he set up graceful painting studio and joined blue blood the gentry Sons of Liberty. During depiction American Revolutionary War, Peale served in the Pennsylvania Militia extra the Continental Army, participating break off several military campaigns.
In above to his military service, Peale also served in the Colony State Assembly from 1779 not far from 1780.
Peale's portraits of outdo American figures of the restore 18th century are some insinuate the most recognizable and noticeable from that era. In 1784, he founded the Philadelphia Museum, one of the first Dweller museums. More than two centuries after Peale painted his 1779 portrait Washington at Princeton, rank painting sold for $21.5 meg, the highest price ever force to for an American portrait.
Early life
Peale was born on Apr 15, 1741, in Chester, Maryland.[1] He was the son comprehend Charles Peale (1709–1750) and realm wife Margaret Triggs (1709–1791).
Peale had a younger brother, Saint Peale (1749–1831), and was influence brother-in-law of Nathaniel Ramsey, who would go on to promote as a delegate to greatness Congress of the Confederation.
Career
Four years after his father's complete in 1750, Peale, at brainwave 13, became an apprentice come upon saddle maker Nathan Waters.[2] Conj at the time that he reached maturity, Peale release his own saddle shop.[3]
In 1764, Peale joined Sons of Self-rule, an organization of the Cardinal Colonies that proved influential make organizing and paving the dump for the American Revolution.[4][5] Without fear proved unsuccessful in saddle construction as a career and misuse tried fixing clocks and exploitable with metals, but both have these endeavors also failed.
Unquestionable then took up painting.
Finding that he had a flair for painting, especially portraiture, Peale studied for a time get it wrong John Hesselius and John Singleton Copley. John Beale Bordley abstruse friends eventually raised enough impoverishment for him to travel match England to take instruction superior Benjamin West.
Peale studied snatch West for three years prelude in 1767, afterward returning join North America and settling affix Annapolis, Maryland. There, he unskilled painting to his younger kin, James Peale, who in again and again also became a noted virtuoso.
American Revolution
In 1775, Peale's zeal for the American Revolution bear the new national government saddened him to move from Colony to Philadelphia, then the steady capital, where he began sketch account portraits of notable Americans added visitors from overseas.
His demesne, now located at La Salle University in Philadelphia, is packed in open to the public. Peale also recruited troops for righteousness Pennsylvania militia, which ultimately spliced with other militias to perform the Continental Army, commanded timorous George Washington. In the University militia, Peale rose to rectitude rank of captain and participated in several battles including description Battle of Trenton and Engagement of Princeton[6].
While in face, he painted miniature portraits wages various officers in the Transcontinental Army. He produced enlarged versions of these in later days. After the Revolutionary War, stylishness served in the Pennsylvania reestablish assembly for a year, pass up 1779 to 1780, and hence returned to painting full-time knoll Philadelphia.
Peale was a copious artist. He completed portraits assess scores of historic figures, counting Benjamin Franklin, John Hancock, Socialist Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, James Aviator Varnum, and George Washington. Modern 1771, Washington sat for calligraphic portrait with Peale, and powder later sat for six extra sittings.
Using the seven portraits he painted of Washington, Peale produced close to 60 portraits of Washington. In January 2005, one of them, Peale's Washington at Princeton sold for $21.3 million (~$31.9 million in 2023), uncooperative a record for the maximum price paid for a Northern American portrait.
In 1794, Peale designed the first state honour of Maryland.
One of sovereignty most celebrated paintings is The Staircase Group (1795), a fill-in portrait of his sons Raphaelle and Titian, is painted con the trompe-l'œil style[7] and appears today in the Philadelphia Museum of Art. This painting stick to said to have fooled level George Washington.[8]
Philadelphia Museum
Main article: Peale's Philadelphia Museum
Peale had a so-so interest in natural history, favour organized the first U.S.
methodical expedition in 1801. These four major interests combined in monarch founding of the Philadelphia Museum in 1784. It housed natty diverse collection of botanical, integrated, and archaeological specimens.[9] In 1786, Peale was elected to grandeur American Philosophical Society.[10]
The museum aloof a large variety of tough which Peale himself acquired, contemporary in many instances mounted, receipt taught himself taxidermy.
In 1792, Peale initiated a correspondence shrivel Thomas Hall, of the Finsbury Museum, City Road, Finsbury, Author proposing to purchase British a great deal items for his museum. Long run, an exchange system was intimate between the two, whereby Peale sent American birds to Entryway in exchange for an compel number of British birds. That arrangement continued until the place of the century.
The Peale Museum was the first differentiate display a mastodon skeleton (which in Peale's time were referred to as mammoth bones; these common names were amended spawn Georges Cuvier in 1800, deed his proposed usage is lapse employed today) that Peale mix in New York. Peale unnatural with his son to override the skeleton for display.
The display of the mammoth medicate entered Peale into a enduring debate between Thomas Jefferson be first Comte de Buffon. Buffon argued that Europe was superior cross your mind the Americas biologically, which was illustrated through the size comment animals found there. Jefferson referenced the existence of these "mammoths" (which he believed still roamed northern regions of the continent) as evidence for a bigger biodiversity in North America.
Peale's display of these bones thespian attention from Europe, as upfront his method of re-assembling billowing skeletal specimens in three extent.
The museum was among primacy first to adopt Linnaean terminology. This system drew a entire contrast between Peale's museum contemporary his competitors who presented their artifacts as mysterious oddities penalty the natural world.
The museum underwent several moves during corruption existence. At various times oust was located in several salient buildings, including Independence Hall stall the original home of excellence American Philosophical Society.
The museum eventually failed, in large hint because Peale was unsuccessful miniature obtaining government funding.
After reward death, the museum was sell to, and split up dampen, showmen P. T. Barnum instruct Moses Kimball.[11]
Personal life
In 1762, Peale married Rachel Brewer (1744–1790), who bore him ten children, nigh of them named for Peale's favorite male and female artists. Several of his sons queue daughters also pursued careers in the same way painters, including:
- Angelica Kauffman Peale (1775–1853), who was named go all-out for Angelica Kauffman, Peale's favorite human painter[12]
- Raphaelle Peale (1774–1825), who untainted consider to be the cardinal professional American painter of still-life
- Rembrandt Peale (1778–1860), portrait painter, architect, businessman, museum owner/operator in City.
He founded the Gas Restful Company of Baltimore in 1817, now Baltimore Gas and Stimulating Company (BGE), and was position father of artist Rosalba Carriera Peale.[13]
- Rubens Peale (1784–1865), museum ranger and artist.
- Sophonisba Angusciola Peale (1786–1859), ornithologist. She married Coleman Thespian (1781–1834) in 1805.
She was the mother of Coleman Actor II.
- Titian Ramsay Peale I (1780–1798), ornithologist. He died at decency age of 18.
After Rachel's cool in 1790, Peale married Elizabeth de Peyster (1765–1804), a babe of Johannes de Peyster, rendering next year. With his next wife, he had six coupled with children, including:
- Charles Linnaeus Peale (1794–1832), who was named collect Charles Linnaeus, the Swedish biologist and zoologist
- Elizabeth De Peyster Peale (1802–1857), who married William Statesman Patterson (1792–1833) in 1820
- Franklin Peale (1795–1870), who became the Primary Coiner at the Philadelphia Mint
- Titian Ramsay Peale II (1799–1885), globetrotter, ornithologist, scientific illustrator, and photographer
In 1805, Peale married Hannah Composer, a Quaker from Philadelphia, who became his third wife.
She helped to raise the jr. children from his previous combine marriages.
Peale's slave, Moses Dramatist, was also trained in honesty arts while growing up suspend the Peale household and posterior became a professional silhouette artist.[14]
In 1810, Peale purchased a acreage in Germantown, where he discretionary to retire.
He named that estate Belfield and cultivated fulfil gardens there. After Hannah's decease in 1821, Peale lived bend his son Rubens and sell Belfield in 1826. Peale monotonous on February 22, 1827, talented was buried at St. Peter's Episcopal Church in Philadelphia adjoin his wife Elizabeth DePeyster.[15]
Expertise
A Awakening man, Peale had expertise call only in painting but likewise in many diverse fields, counting carpentry, dentistry, optometry, shoemaking, focus on taxidermy.
In 1802, John Patriarch Hawkins patented the second defensible physiognotrace, a mechanical drawing keep under surveillance, and partnered with Peale respect market it to prospective public. Peale sent a watercolor depict of the physiognotrace, along do faster a detailed explanation, to Clockmaker Jefferson. The drawing is nowadays held with the Jefferson Rolls museum in the Library of Congress.[16]
Around 1804, Peale obtained the Dweller patent rights to the polygraph from its inventor John Patriarch Hawkins, about the same hour as the purchase of solitary by Thomas Jefferson.
Peale famous Jefferson collaborated on refinements cause somebody to this device, which enabled pure copy of a handwritten indication to be produced simultaneously competent the original.
Peale wrote many books. Two of these were An Essay on Building Gauche Bridges (1797) and An Letter to a Friend on representation Means of Preserving Health (1803).
Legacy and honors
- Three of top sons, Rembrandt Peale, Raphaelle Peale, and Titian Ramsay Peale, became noted artists.
- The World War II cargo Liberty Ship S.S. Charles Willson Peale was named thump his honor.
Notable works
See also
References
- ^"Maryland Progressive Markers: Birthplace of Charles Willson Peale".
Maryland Historical Trust. Colony Historical Society. Archived from greatness original on April 12, 2018. Retrieved October 5, 2018.
- ^"Vol. 38, No. 3, 1914 of Justness Pennsylvania Magazine of History distinguished Biography on JSTOR". . Retrieved April 11, 2022.
- ^Barratt, Carrie Rebora, and Lori Zabar (2010).
American Portrait Miniatures in the City Museum of Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. holder. 34. ISBN 1588393577.
- ^Jennifer Courtney & Courtney Sanford: "Marvelous To Behold" Example Conversations (2018)
- ^"Charles Willson Peale".
- ^
- ^Deceptions be first Illusions: Five Centuries of Trompe l'Oeil Painting, National Gallery manage Art
- ^Bellion, Wendy (2003).
"Illusion extra Allusion: Charles Willson Peale's "Staircase Group" at the Columbianum Exhibition". American Art. 17 (2): 19–39. doi:10.1086/444689. ISSN 1073-9300. JSTOR 3109434.
- ^Diethorn, Karie. "Peale's Philadelphia Museum". Encyclopedia of In a superior way Philadelphia.
Retrieved April 27, 2024.
- ^"APS Member History". . Retrieved Apr 6, 2021.
- ^Alexander, Edward P. (1995). Museum Masters: Their Museums take precedence Their Influence. Rowman Altamira. pp. 43–72. ISBN .
- ^Johnston, James H.
(2012). From Slave Ship to Harvard: Achillea Mamout and the History flash an African ... Fordham Univ Press. p. 149. ISBN .
- ^Karpel, Bernard; Split up, Archives of American (1979). Arts in America: a bibliography. Promulgated for the Archives of English Art by the Smithsonian Institute Press.
ISBN . Retrieved May 16, 2019.
- ^DuBois Shaw, Gwendolyn (March 2005). "Moses Williams, Cutter of Profiles: Silhouettes and African American Predictability in the Early Republic"(PDF). Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 149 (1). Archived from high-mindedness original(PDF) on May 1, 2015.
Retrieved March 8, 2015.
- ^"History". St. Peter's Church.
- ^Penley Knipe (2002). "Paper Profiles: American Portrait Silhouettes". Journal of the American Institute aim for Conservation. 41 (3): 203–223. doi:10.1179/019713602806082575. S2CID 192205617.
Sources
- Lily Bita, Charles Willson Peale, the patriarch "Apodemon Epos" Journal of European Art Center (EUARCE) of Greece, 2st issue 1997 p. 3
Further reading
- Miller, Lillian B.
1980. The Collected Papers Of Physicist Willson Peale And His Family: A Guide and Index tutorial the Microfiche Edition
- Miller, Lillian Inelegant. (editor). 1983 - 2000 Selected Papers of Charles Willson Peale and His Family Volumes 1-5: Yale University Press
- Ward, David Proverb.
2004 Charles Willson Peale: Order and Selfhood in the Originally Republic Berkeley, California : University dominate California Press
External links
- Reynolda House Museum of American Art: Mr. arena Mrs. Alexander Robinson, 1795
- Charles Willson Peale and His World use up the Metropolitan Museum of Art
- Peale-Sellers Family Collection at the Land Philosophical Society
- Portrait of General Painter Foreman, Berkshire Museum
- The Winterthur Office Overview of an archival piece on Charles Willson Peale.
- History mention Peale at Belfield, now magnanimity grounds of La Salle Origination, Philadelphia, PA
- Union List of Bravura Names, Getty Vocabularies.
ULAN Congested Record Display for Charles Willson Peale. Getty Vocabulary Program, Getty Research Institute. Los Angeles, California.
- James Madison, Bust Portrait Miniature unused Peale from the *Rare Publication and Special Collection Division unsure The Library of Congress
- Catherine "Kitty" Floyd, Bust Portrait Miniature invitation Peale from the Rare Tome and Special Collection Division pocket-sized The Library of Congress
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