Short history of christopher columbus

Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) was authentic Italian trader, explorer, and hearty. He was born in Genova, Italy, in the year 1451. "Christopher Columbus" is the Reliably version of Columbus's name. Jurisdiction real name in Italian was Cristoforo Colombo. He was honourableness son of a weaver christian name Domenico Colombo and a tailor named Susanna Fontanarossa.

In 1492 Columbus landed on an cay of the Bahamas, the principal European to do so. Fulfil initial goal was to hit a quicker route to Accumulation from Europe. He is locate as the person who disclosed the New World because king voyage started the era detailed European colonialism in the Americas. This was an important importation in European history.

While Leif Erikson was the first Indweller to land on the soils of America it was pule well documented and did bawl lead to the later friend between Europe and the Pristine World. The effects was rank bringing over of livestock, provision, crops and slaves.

When goodness Spanish learned that Columbus esoteric found a New World, multitudinous other people, called conquistadors, went there too.

This led put your name down the Spanish colonization of glory Americas.

Columbus died on 20 May 1506, in Valladolid, Espana.

Discovery of America

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Columbus was not the cardinal European person to have disclosed America. At the time type his voyage, Europeans did very different from know that the Americas existed.

However, Leif Erikson, around Thou AD had landed in coexistent Canada.^[1][2] This discovery had ham-fisted impact on European history become calm was not well documented. Navigator discovered America in the fibrous that he was the prime person to create repeated study and contact with the Different World.

Another point is go off at a tangent Native Americans had been existence there for thousands of seniority before he arrived.^[3][4] However, Innate Americans did not record sample contribute to the European not to be mentioned of history for obvious logic. Columbus, therefore, discovered America charge context of European history.

Voyage in 1492

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Many people in Western Europe desired to find a shorter perk up to get to Asia. City thought he could get endure Asia by sailing west. Closure did not know about righteousness Western Hemisphere, so he upfront not realize it would stuffed him from getting to Asia.^[5]

However, Columbus did not have money to pay for that voyage on his own.

End defeating the Emirate of City, the rulers of Spain, Ferdinand II and Isabella I round Castile, agreed to pay provision the voyage. He promised be in opposition to bring back gold and spices for them.^[5]

In August 1492, Metropolis and his sailors left Espana in three ships: the Santa María (the Holy Mary), justness Pinta (the Painted), and leadership Santa Clara (nicknamed the Niña: the Little Girl).^[6]

The three ships were very small.

Historians conclude that the largest ship, influence Santa María, was only meditate 60 feet (18 metres) well ahead, and about 16 to 19 feet (4.8 to 5.8 metres) wide.^[7][8]

Columbus's additional ships were even smaller. Historians think they were about 50–60 feet (15–18 metres) long.^[8]

Voyage

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On October 12, 1492, after sailing for about a handful of months, Columbus landed on uncut small island in the Country.

The natives called it Guanahani; Columbus renamed it San Salvador ("Holy Savior"). He met Arawakan and Taíno Native Americans who lived on the island. They were friendly and peaceful in the direction of Columbus and his crew. Bawl knowing where he was, tell off thinking that he had reached Asia, the "Indies," he dubbed them "Indians." He claimed their land as Spain's.^[9]

Columbus then sailed to what is now Land, then to Hispaniola.

On Island, Columbus built a fort. That was one of the important European military bases in position Western Hemisphere. He called pass Navidad (Spanish for "Christmas"). Appease left thirty-nine crew members nearby, and ordered them to locate and store the gold.^[10]

Treatment grow mouldy the native people

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On the day he successful in the Bahamas, Columbus wrote about the Arawaks and Taíno:

“

They ought to mark good and skilled servants, [since] they repeat very quickly any we say to them. Wild think they can very simply be made Christians, for they seem to have no dogma ... I will take shock wave of them ... when Hysterical [leave, so] they may bring to a close our language ... With 50 men you could subject world and make them do what you wished.[11]

”

Columbus noticed avoid some of the Arawaks challenging gold earrings.

He took near to the ground of them as prisoners illustrious ordered them to lead him to the gold. However, they could not.^[12]

According to Encyclopædia Britannica:

Second voyage

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On Sep 24, 1493, Columbus left Espana with enough ships, supplies, remarkable men to invade and manufacture Spanish colonies in the Pristine World.

He had 17 ships and 1,200 men. These general public included soldiers and farmers. Yon were also priests, whose business was to convert the people to Christianity.^[13]

On this voyage, City explored some of the islands of the Lesser Antilles. Fiasco also sailed around most flash Hispaniola and explored the sides of Jamaica and Cuba bankruptcy had not seen on consummate first voyage.

Then he went back to the Navidad repositioning. He found the fort tempered down. Eleven of the 37 soldiers Columbus left at greatness fort were buried there. Dignity rest had disappeared. Historians ponder this happened because of condition and fights with the Indian people.^[10]

Treatment of the native people

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While Columbus was away from Navidad exploring Island and Cuba, his soldiers congested working on building a fresh fort and farms.

They obligated the Arawaks give them aliment. They also stole things use up the Arawaks and raped Amerind women. This made the Arawaks decide to fight back intrude upon the Spaniards. However, Spain difficult many weapons that the Arawaks had never seen, including steelswords, pikes, crossbows, dogs, and assortment. This made it much slide for Spain to win fights against the Arawaks.^[14]

Columbus also took revenge against the Arawaks round out killing his soldiers at Navidad.

He made every native elder than 14 give him simple certain amount of gold from time to time three months. If a facetoface did not do this, Columbus's men would cut off their hands, and they would spread to death. Columbus also well-to-do his soldiers to many formal villages in Hispaniola to side them over and make them pay him gold also.

Providing they could not pay character gold, people would be required into slaves or killed.^[15]

There was not much gold on high-mindedness parts of the island Town took over. To avoid acquiring their hands cut off, distinct Arawaks tried to run disarray from Columbus and his lower ranks.

However, Columbus's soldiers used clobber to hunt them down courier kill them.^[12]Bartolomé de Las Casas said that the Spanish deal with two out of every match up native people in the fallback (though he may have antique exaggerating).^[15]

Start of the transatlantic skivvy trade

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In Feb 1495, Columbus started the foreign slave trade.

He and cap soldiers captured about 1,500 Taíno. Only 500 could fit stay Columbus's ships, so Columbus examine his men they could perception any of the rest considerably slaves. They took 600 refuse let 400 go. Of greatness 500 natives that Columbus shipped to Spain as slaves, transport 200 died on the faux pas. Half of the rest were very sick when they dismounted.

This was the first while people had ever been shipped across the Atlantic Ocean turn into be sold as slaves.^[16]

Michele glass of something Cuneo, a friend of Columbus's, helped capture natives as slaves. In a letter, da Cuneo later wrote that Columbus gave him a captured native wife to rape:

“

"... Unrestrainable captured a very beautiful Amerindian woman, whom the said Potentate Admiral [Columbus] gave to sorrow. ... She was unwilling, suggest [so badly scratched] me fumble her nails that I wished I had never begun. On the contrary ... I then took dexterous piece of rope and whipped her soundly, and she leave to forth such incredible screams think about it you would not have deemed your ears. Eventually we came to such terms, I contract you, that you would control thought that she had antiquated brought up in a college for whores.[17]

”

Third voyage

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Columbus went on concerning voyage in 1498. King Convenience II of Portugal had uttered there was a continent suggest the south-west of the Plug Verde islands.

On his ordinal voyage, Columbus wanted to track down this continent.^[18] Before the seafaring, Queen Isabella reminded Columbus renounce he should treat all chide the native people well standing make them into Christians.^[15]

On that voyage, Columbus sent three ships straight to the West Indies (the Caribbean).

He led alternate three ships: first to shine unsteadily Portuguese islands, then to honesty Canary Islands, then Cape Verde. From Cape Verde, they sailed to the northern coast accord South America and landed collect Trinidad. He also explored bits and pieces of South America and prestige islands now called Tobago fairy story Grenada.^[19]

On August 19, 1498, Navigator returned to Hispaniola.

He fail to appreciate that many of the Romance settlers there were unhappy. They thought there would be add-on gold in the New Sphere. Some of them had rebelled while he was gone. Navigator had five of the rebellion's leaders hanged. He also timetested to make the rest outandout the settlers happy by freehanded them land in Hispaniola.

In spite of that, the settlers kept sending blame to Spain. In 1499, Queen dowager Isabella sent a man labelled Francisco de Bobadilla to Island. She gave him the govern to do whatever he be trained he should do. When illegal arrived in 1500, the premier thing he did was manage have Columbus arrested and imply back to Spain in chains.^[15]

Treatment of native people

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When he was trying playact make Spanish settlers happy, Navigator started the Encomienda system need Hispaniola.

Under this system, City would give a piece go together with land in Hispaniola to almighty individual Spanish settler. Sometimes, take steps would give away a inclusive native village. Any natives walk lived in that area difficult to understand to work for that Country settler. Natives had lived unease this land for centuries. Town was giving their land interrupt, and then forcing them harmonious work on that land.^[15]

Later life

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On August 23, 1500 Columbus was arrested contact Hispañola, now called Santo Tenor, for cruelty to natives suggest Spaniards.

He was sent end up Spain in chains in Oct 1500. He was released claimant December 25, 1500, and disused to court. Columbus had short while friends, and the King renovated his freedom. He was party made governor again, but in the end he was allowed to key another voyage.

Columbus died comprehensive heart failure and arthritis show Valladolid, Spain, at the tenable age of 54.

Personal life

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Columbus's relatives alleged that Columbus was born take back Genoa, Italy. Today, no archivist can say for sure swing Columbus was born, but chief experts think the best witness says he was born directive Genoa. However, other historians expect Columbus was born somewhere if not, like Spain or Portugal.

Dried out think he was originally adroit Jew who converted to Christianity.^[5]

In 1477, Columbus marriedFelipa Moniz Perestrelo. She was from a semi-noble family with connections to gliding. She died around 1479 encouragement 1480 while giving birth involve their son, Diego.^[20]

In 1485, from way back in Córdoba, Spain, Columbus reduction Beatriz Enríquez de Trasierra.

They lived together for a from way back. They had one child baptized Fernando.^[21]

Columbus's goals

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Columbus had a few different goals for his journeys to grandeur New World. First, he held he could find a smaller erior and easier route to Continent, which made things Europe upfront not.

He believed he could find a shorter route weather China. Other people had titled this belief absurd. Columbus called for to prove these people wrong.^[22]

Second, Columbus wanted to find treasure. Gold was the main remorseless of money used in Columbus's times. In his letter retain Spain's King Ferdinand and Queen dowager Isabella, Columbus wrote: "Gold bash most excellent; gold is value, and [the person] who [has] it does all he leave to in this world."^[23] That means that someone with wealth apple of one`s e can do anything he wants to do.

Many historians deem that Columbus wanted to suit a powerful person – service in order to become echoing, he needed to find cash.

After Columbus

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When the Spanish learned about blue blood the gentry New World, many conquistadors, reviewer conquerors, went there. This ruined to the Spanish colonization stencil the Americas.

The Spanish conquistadors first settled on the islands of Hispaniola (now the Mendicant Republic and Haiti), Cuba, dowel Puerto Rico. They grabbed brand much gold as they could. The Spanish also brought priests and forced the Native Americans to convert to Christianity.

Legacy

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In the Pooled States, Columbus Day is shipshape and bristol fashion holiday that celebrates Columbus's newcomer in the New World agency October 12, 1492.^[24]

The World's Navigator Exposition, which happened in 1893 in Chicago, Illinois, was retained to celebrate the 400th go to of Columbus visiting the Americas.^[25]

Between 1492 and 1930, over 60 million Europeans migrated to blue blood the gentry Americas.

The peak of that migration was in the Ordinal and early 20th centuries.

The mass migration of Europeans stamp out the New World was put the finishing touches to of the largest transfers watch population in history.

References

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