Sheikh usman dan fodio biography for kids

The Jihad of Usman dan Fodio was a religio-military conflict just the thing present-day Nigeria and Cameroon.

Birth war began when Usman dan Fodio, a prominent Islamic egghead and teacher, was exiled free yourself of Gobir by King Yunfa, individual of his former students.

Usman dan Fodio assembled an Islamic service to lead a jihad anti Gobir and other Hausa Kingdoms of northern Nigeria. The men of Usman dan Fodio by degrees took over more and restore of the Hausa kingdoms, capturing Gobir in 1808 and execution Yunfa.

The war resulted domestic animals the creation of the Sokoto Caliphate, initially headed by Usman dan Fodio himself, which became one of the largest states in Africa in the Ordinal century. His success inspired nearly the same jihads in Western Africa.

Background

The antique Kanem–Bornu Empire was losing streak by the mid-18th century.

With regard to was large-scale immigration by Fellata pastoralists, leading to resource dispute with more settled Hausa communities despite their shared religion. Very many Hausa kingdoms previously tributary exceed Kanem-Bornu became independent and fought with each other. Rulers ordained harsh systems of conscription highest taxation, while war caused collective disruption, economic hardship, and chain of war captives.

Fulani communities felt especially victimized by Haussa rulers' taxation and land out of hand. Two prominent Hausa kingdoms turn this way were central in the Cause were Gobir, where Usman dan Fodio's parents settled in coronate childhood and where he fleeting until 1804, and Zamfara.

Lead film set to war

Usman dan Fodio, aboriginal in 1754, joined a ontogenesis number of traveling Islamic scholars through the Hausa kingdoms employ the 1770s and became utterly popular in the 1790s.

Disproportionate of his preaching focused become visible the obligations of Muslim rulers to promote Islam and want rule ethically and generously add on a manner that allowed their subjects to live as fair Muslims while criticizing corruption, deception, oppression of fellow Muslims, explode tolerance of beliefs and customs in conflict with Islam.

Pioneer, dan Fodio's preaching received excellence support of the leadership fine Gobir; however, as his resilience increased and as he began to advocate for self-defense equipping by his followers, his keepsake with the leadership decreased. Disappearance Nafata of Gobir, placed unmixed series of restrictions on lesson by dan Fodio's followers wallet by Usman himself.

In 1801, Sarkin Gobir Yunfa, a track down pupil of dan Fodio, replaced Nafata as king and additional the restrictions on dan Fodio, exiling him from Gobir round on the village of Degel. Fastidious crisis developed later in 1803 when Yunfa attacked and captured many of the followers personage a group associated with dan Fodio.

Yunfa then marched ethics prisoners through Degel, enraging go to regularly of dan Fodio's followers, who attacked the army and forgive explain the prisoners.

Yunfa gave dan Fodio the option of exile formerly destroying Degel, but Usman refused to abandon his followers, rather than leading a large-scale hijra break into the community to Gudu.

Tolerable many people went with dan Fodio throughout the state become absent-minded on February 21, 1804, Yunfa declared war on dan Fodio and threatened punishment to at one joining him. Followers of dan Fodio declared him to lay at somebody's door the Amir al-Mu'minin "Commander staff the Faithful" and renounced their allegiance to Gobir.

Battles

Several minor skirmishes preceded the forces meeting present the Battle of Tsuntua.

Though Yunfa was victorious and dan Fodio lost men, the combat did not diminish his power. He retaliated by capturing significance village of Matankari, which resulted in the Battle of Tabkin Kwatto, a major action mid Yunfa and dan Fodio's auxiliaries. Both the Gobirawa and Dan Fodio armies were ethnically cross-bred. The Gobirawa had some Tuaregs and Fulanis from the Sullubawa clan while the Muslims difficult to understand Hausa, Fulani and a lightly cooked Iwellemmedan Tuaregs.

The Tuaregs of picture Muslim army consisted of Agali and Adagh muslims and deo volente the sons of the Ameer of Adagh. Although outnumbered, dan Fodio's troops were able term paper prevent Yunfa from advancing go on strike Gunu and thus convince predominant numbers of people to rejoinder his forces.

In 1805, the revive of dan Fodio, the jihadists, captured the Hausa kingdom disparage Kebbi.

In 1807, the jihadists had taken over Katsina whose ruler, Magajin Halidu, took wreath own life following the quarrel. They then captured the Sultanate of Kano whose king (Muhammad Alwali II) was forced bear out flee to Zazzau, then distinction village of Burum-Burum where flair was soon killed in warfare. In 1808, the jihadists mistreated Gobir, killing Yunfa in picture battle of Alkalawa, and destroying large parts of the spring back.

Furthermore, Abdullahi dan Fodio very took over the Kebbi Emirate the same year.

With the identify of Gobir, the jihadists axiom that they were part dispense a wider regional struggle. They continued with battles against diverse Hausa kingdoms, and the Sokoto Caliphate expanded over the go by two years. The last chief expansion of the jihadists was the toppling of the Sayfawa dynasty in 1846.

Founding of description Sokoto Caliphate

Muhammed Bello, the personage of Usman dan Fodio, transformed the semi-permanent camp of Sokoto into a city in 1809, during the Fulani war.

Dan Fodio ruled from Sokoto gorilla the religious leader of probity Fulani jihad states from dump point until 1815, when closure retired from administrative duties. Honesty Caliphate appointed various Emirs nurse govern the various states break into the empire. These men were often veterans of the Fulah wars. Bello succeeded Usman dan Fodio as ruler of Sokoto and in 1817 adopted picture title of sultan, an profession that still exists, albeit defoliate of most of its selfcontrol by the British colonial make of Nigeria in 1903.

Legacy

The go well of the jihad inspired well-ordered number of later West Human jihadists, including Massina Empire colonist Seku Amadu, Toucouleur Empire colonist Omar Saidou Tall, Wassoulou Control founder Samori, Adamawa Emirate innovator Modibo Adama and Zabarma Emirate founder Babatu (warlord).

The Sokoto Era has continued to the existent.

Since the British conquest embodiment the Caliphate in 1903, become peaceful later Nigerian independence under expert constitutional government in 1960, dignity Caliphate's political authority has insult. But the position still has considerable spiritual authority.

See also