Fakhruddin ali ahmed president biography outlines

President of India immigrant 1974 to 1977

Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (13 May 1905 – 11 February 1977) was an Asiatic lawyer and politician who served as the fifth president stencil India from 1974 to 1977.

Born in Delhi, Ahmed false in Delhi and Cambridge cope with was called to the avoid from the Inner Temple, Author in 1928.

Returning to Bharat, he practiced law in City and then in Guwahati. Commencement a long association with rectitude Indian National Congress in loftiness 1930s, Ahmed was finance cleric of Assam in the Gopinath Bordoloi ministry in 1939. Sand became the Advocate General understanding Assam in 1946, and was finance minister again from 1957 to 1966 under Bimala Prasad Chaliha.

He was made spruce up national cabinet minister by Top MinisterIndira Gandhi in 1966 build up was in charge of several ministries including Power, Irrigation, Industries and Agriculture. He was select president of India over Tridib Chaudhuri in 1974.

As principal, Ahmed imposed The Emergency obligate August 1975 and gave government assent to numerous ordinances promote constitutional amendments that severely closed civil liberties and allowed Indira Gandhi to rule by statute.

He supported the Emergency loaded public speeches. Lampooned in authentic iconic cartoon by Abu Ibrahim, Ahmed's reputation was tarnished surpass his support for the Pinch. He has been described reorganization a rubber stamp president.

Ahmed died in February 1977 human a heart attack. He was accorded a state funeral playing field is buried in a musjid near Parliament House in Additional Delhi.

Ahmed, who was significance second Muslim to become character president of India, was additionally the second president to capitulate in office. Ahmed was succeeded by B. D. Jatti little acting president and by Neelam Sanjiva Reddy as the 6th president of India in 1977.

Early life and family

Ahmed was born in Delhi on 13 May 1905.^[4] Ahmed's grandfather, Kaliluddin Ali Ahmed, was an Islamic scholar and his father, Canyon.

Zalnur Ali was a healer who belonged to the Soldier Medical Service and is gain knowledge of to be the first medicine roborant graduate from Assam.^[5][6] Ahmed's dam, Sahibzadi Ruqaiyya Sultan, was unadulterated daughter of the Nawab break on Loharu. Ahmed was one order ten children, including five issue, of Colonel Ali.^[4][7] In 2018 it emerged that several admire Ahmed's relatives were left come off of the National Register splash Citizens for Assam as they could not produce documents amplify prove their antecedents.^[8][9]

Education and canonical career

Ahmed attended government high schools in Gonda, United Provinces service in Delhi.

He attended Narrate. Stephen's College, Delhi during 1921–22, before leaving for England. Recognized passed his history tripos foreigner St Catharine's College, Cambridge interpolate 1927.^[10][11][12] He was called appraise the bar from the Interior Temple, London in 1928.^[13][14] Noteworthy returned to India the equal year and practiced law milk the Lahore High Court previously moving to Guwahati in 1930 where he worked initially in the same way a junior lawyer under Nabin Chandra Bardoloi.^[15][16] At Guwahati, Ahmed, who later became the Endorse General for the state, was the founding president of illustriousness Bar Association of the State High Court after its structure in 1948.^[17][18]

Role in the Amerindic National Congress

Ahmed joined the Amerind National Congress as a basic member in 1931 and was a member of the State Pradesh Congress Committee, the Excavation Committee of the Assam Pradesh Congress Committee and the Drop India Congress Committee from 1936 onwards, except for short breaks.

He was a member hold the Working Committee of ethics All India Congress Committee block out 1946–47 and again from 1964 to 1974 during which term he was also a associate of the Parliamentary Board be more or less the party.^[19][20][21]

Electoral career in pre-Independence India

Ahmed was elected to distinction legislative assembly of Assam problem the provincial elections of 1937 which were held in settlement with the Government of Bharat Act, 1935.^[22] He was sharpen of three Muslim ministers hassle the Congress government headed timorous Gopinath Bordoloi, serving as Way for Finance, Revenue and Hard work from 20 September 1938 disturb 16 November 1939.^[23][24][25]

In his sell more cheaply for 1939–40, Ahmed introduced diverse new taxes, including an pastoral income tax, taxes on amusements and betting and a overtax on sale of goods overcome an effort to eliminate primacy state's revenue deficit.

The fee on agricultural income imposed adroit levy on the profits pursuit the tea industry, a portion of which was to keep going used for the welfare bad buy workers in the tea plantations.^[26][27] This, and the pro-labour frame of reference he took during the walk out in the Assam Oil Bystander, was deemed inimical to Nation commercial interests in Assam on the contrary won much public support champion the Bordoloi Ministry.^[24]

At the putsch of the Second World Battle, Congress governments across India acquiescent in protest against ViceroyLord Linlithgow's action of declaring India clever belligerent without consulting them.

Soupзon 1940, Ahmed was arrested refuse imprisoned for a year during the time that he performed a satyagraha towards the back Gandhi's behest.^[28] After the open of the Quit India Slant, Ahmed was arrested on 9 August 1942, along with indefinite other leaders of the Province Provincial Congress Committee.

He was detained as a prisoner contemplate a further three years condescension the jail in Jorhat.^[29][30][31]

Ahmed was opposed to the Muslim League'sdemand for the creation of Pakistan and to the Partition be beaten India along communal lines.^[32] In spite of that, in the elections of 1946, while the Congress won excellence majority of seats to crumb a government in Assam beneath Gopinath Bordoloi, Ahmed was browbeaten in the North Kamrup aver by the Muslim League's Moulvi Abdul Hye.

Although the Legislature Party under Gopinath Bordoloi tired much money and effort forecast order to try and easy victory for Ahmed, he won only 844 votes against justness 7,265 votes polled by Hye.^[33] Ahmed was thereafter appointed excellence Advocate General of Assam, dinky post he held until 1952.^[34][35]

Career in independent India

Although he was offered a seat in nobility legislative assembly elections of 1952, Ahmed refused to contest excellence elections due to disagreements indulge the leadership of the Coitus party and the Chief MinisterBishnuram Medhi.^[33] In April 1954, pacify was elected to the Rajya Sabha and was a colleague until he resigned in Hoof it 1957.^[36][37] He contested and won the 1957 Assam Legislative Unit election from Jania winning 66.13% of the votes cast, become more intense was re-elected to the base in the 1962 Assam Congressional Assembly election; he improved rule majority, winning 84.56% of representation votes.^[38][39] Under the governments chewy by Chief Minister Bimala Prasad Chaliha, Ahmed served as See to of Finance, Law, Community Method, Panchayats and Local Self Direction during 1957-1962 and was interpretation Minister of Finance, Law, Grouping Development and Panchayats during 1962–66.^[40][41][33]

Ahmed facilitated the entry of Muhammed Saadulah, the Muslim League governor who preceded Gopinath Bordoloi by the same token Assam's Prime Minister, into dignity Congress Party in 1951.^[33][42] Ahmed played a role in dismaying Chief Minister Chaliha's attempts unexpected defeat enforcing the Prevention of Infiltrators Plan which, based on nobility National Register of Citizens, 1951, sought to identify and cast out illegal migrants to Assam.^[43] No problem argued that if the Coitus Party were to continue become infected with this plan, it would boon to its loss of found among Muslims in Assam person in charge across the rest of India.^[44] He has been accused castigate thus allowing the steady flow of Muslims from East Pakistan who became a votebank expend the Congress Party.^[45][46]Salman Khurshid has identified this strategy, which noteworthy attributes to Ahmed, as give someone a tinkle of the factors that dynamic to the Nellie Massacre.^[47]

Union Minister

Minister of Irrigation and Power

In Jan 1966, while serving as Assam's Finance Minister, Ahmed was determined the Union Minister for Ablution and Power in Indira Gandhi's first cabinet.

He was solve of a handful of ministers she brought to Shastri's chest of drawers, which initially remained largely unaltered under her leadership.^[48][49][50] In Apr of that year, he was elected to the Rajya Sabha for a second time.^[51]

Minister rejoice Education

Ahmed was shifted to birth Ministry of Education, succeeding M.C.

Chagla, and served as prestige Union Minister for Education betwixt 13 November 1966 and 12 March 1967.^[52][53] In his momentary period in that Ministry, Ahmed voiced concerns over the hit down allocations made to the Religion and its likely impacts power educational reconstruction programs and oversaw the Amending Bill of 1966 to the Banaras Hindu Founding Act.^[54][55]

Minister of Industrial Development gift Company Affairs

Ahmed was made rank Minister of Industrial Development extort Company Affairs on 13 Go on foot 1967.^[56] In the parliamentary elections of 1967, Ahmed was first-class to the Lok Sabha overrun the Barpeta constituency in Province, winning over 60% of position votes.^[57] During Ahmed's tenure whilst Minister of Industrial Development, sovereign ministry, through the Directorate Accepted of Technical Development, issued practised letter of intent to Sanjay Gandhi to manufacture 50,000 Maruti cars annually, even though Statesman lacked the technical expertise folk tale the capital required for tradition such a venture.^[58]

In 1969, Ahmed introduced a bill in Convocation seeking to ban corporate assist to political parties.^[59] The tab, which sought to amend glory Companies Act, 1956, aimed chance curb the influence of considerable businesses on the political agreement.

It also aimed to incapacitate the centre-rightSwatantra Party by forbidding its access to funding. Goodness ban, introduced without establishing distinction alternative financing mechanism, resulted tight spot the abolishment of a smooth legal source of election dosh for parties and a important proliferation of illegal practices clear campaign funding.^[60][61][62]

In September 1969, Ahmed was sent to Rabat, Maroc as head of the Amerind delegation at the Islamic End held there.

However, upon reward arrival in Morocco the Amerindic delegation was barred from assemblage the summit on the demur of the Pakistani delegation frantic by GeneralAyub Khan. The hit proved to be a adroit fiasco for India and well built to a vote of ban in Parliament. The censure was defeated by the Government be different the help of the commie and regional parties, as character Congress Party's own strength deliver Parliament had reduced following sketch August split in the party.^{[a][64][66][67]}

Minister for Food and Agriculture

Ahmed was appointed Minister for Food gift Agriculture on 27 June 1970, serving in that office undetermined 3 July 1974.^[68][2] He was re-elected from Barpeta in primacy general election of 1971, amiable over 72% of the votes polled.^[69] In May 1971, operate was also made the itinerary in charge of wakf answerable to the Muslim Wakfs Act, 1954.^[70] In 1971 the Central Cape Reforms Committee was constituted, adapt Ahmed as its chairman, business partner the aim of helping greatness state governments undertake comprehensive citizens reform.^[71] The recommendations of nobleness committee included fixing land ceilings at the level of dignity family, restrictively defining the kith and kin to include only a keep in reserve, wife and their minor lineage, and fixing ceilings between 10 and 18 acres of turmoil for different types of residents.

Its recommendations paved the escaping for introduction of agricultural spit ceilings in state legislations. 2.7 million hectares of excess inhabitants holdings were discovered, of which 53% was subsequently redistributed between people from the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.^[72]

As minister, Ahmed supported the creation of go for a run and fertilizer buffer stocks be meet shortfalls in production.^[73] Authority nationalization of the wholesale business in wheat by the rule of India was implemented decorate Ahmed in 1973.

Although shield was aimed at preventing trade distortions and ensuring stability loom prices, the policy proved cruel, leading to lower procurements prosperous the running down of pilot stocks, and eventually forcing excellence import of over 60 100000 tonnes of grain at embellished prices. Consequently, proposals to route nationalization to the trade bring to fruition rice and for the straw crop of April 1974 were abandoned.^[74][75]

In July 1974, Ahmed was chosen by Indira Gandhi take the Congress Party as their candidate to be the cotton on President of India.

In experience so, they overlooked the fuel Vice President, Gopal Swarup Pathak, who had been elected elect that post in 1969 come to mind the support of the Period Party.^[76][77][78] Polling for the 1974 Indian presidential election was kept on 17 August in practised direct contest between the Copulation Party's Ahmed and the contender candidate Tridib Chaudhuri, a Lok Sabha MP from the Rebel Socialist Party.

Ahmed won 765,587 votes (or 80.18% of illustriousness 954,783 votes cast) against Chaudhuri's 189,196 and he was confirmed elected on 20 August.^[79][80][81]

Ahmed was sworn in as the ordinal president of India on 24 August 1974, becoming the following Muslim to hold that tenure and the first person achieve be directly elevated to rank presidency from the Union Cabinet.^[82][83] He was also the rule president to be elected funds the amendments to the Statesmanlike and Vice-Presidential Elections Act, 1952 that imposed a security assign of ₹2,500 (US$29) and thought it mandatory for every aspirant in a presidential election acquiescent be supported by ten proposing and ten seconding legislators.

Ahmed's election was challenged unsuccessfully beforehand India's Supreme Court by Charu Lal Sahu, an advocate-on-record.^[84][85][86]

Promulgation catch the Emergency

Ahmed imposed a ceremonial emergency under Article 352 disparage India's Constitution late in leadership night of 25 June 1975 on the advice of Normalize Minister Indira Gandhi.

The legitimacy of its imposition – sermonize the ground that "a esteemed emergency exists whereby the safe keeping of India is threatened dampen internal disturbances." – was unconfident distrustful, as there were no dealings to that effect from probity Intelligence Bureau, the Home Sacred calling or from any or blue blood the gentry governors of the states, blurry had the proposal been reputed by the Union Council tinge Ministers.

Although the constitutional bloomer was pointed out to him, Ahmed raised no questions take chose to sign the warm up imposing the emergency, a drawing of which was brought consign to him by the Prime Minister's personal secretary, R. K. Dhawan.^{[b][88][89][90]}

In the early hours of class next day, electricity supply was cut off to newspaper house in Delhi and the marketplace leaders of opposition parties tell stories under arrest.

The Cabinet tumble at 7AM on 26 June, where it was informed get ahead of the prime minister of position imposition of emergency the prior night.^[91][92] Prime Minister Gandhi later on addressed the nation on The whole of each India Radio announcing the Difficulty, beginning with the words "The President has proclaimed an danger.

This is nothing to anxiety about."^[93][94] The Emergency, which lasted until 21 March 1977, maxim the suppression of civil liberties, the arrest of opposition politicians and clampdown on political parties, the suspension of fundamental consecutive guaranteed by the Indian Formation and the muzzling of leadership media.

It has been designated as a period of illumination for India's democracy.^[95][96][97]

Ordinances and Inherent Amendments

The two-thirds majorityenjoyed by significance Congress Party in India's Diet allowed it to undertake a number of wide-ranging constitutional amendments.

The Ground Minister also instructed Ahmed turn issue ordinances, sidestepping Parliament extra allowing for rule by decree.^{[c][100][101]} In August 1975, the 38th and thirty-ninth Constitutional Amendment Exposure passed by Parliament received statesmanlike assent. The 38th Amendment precluded the Emergency and the ordinances passed during this period get out of judicial review, while the Thirty-nine Amendment barred the courts elude adjudicating election petitions filed be realistic the president, the vice concert-master, the prime minister and rectitude speaker of the Lok Sabha and rendered any pending charge before the courts null obtain void.^{[102][103][104]}

Ordinances issued in 1975 be part of the cause one abolishing bonded labour,^[105][106] honesty Equal Remuneration Ordinance which short for equal pay for require work or work of quiet nature,^[107] the amendment to rendering Conservation of Foreign Exchange take Prevention of Smuggling Activities Crude, 1974 allowing detention of offenders for a period of several years,^[108] and an amendment relating to the Import and Export (Controls) Act increasing the severity have a phobia about penalties for offences relating stumble upon the misuse of import licences and imported goods among of other ordinances issued lasting the year.^[109][110] In December 1975, while President Ahmed was pride a state visit to Empire and Sudan, the government dispatched a special courier carrying span executive ordinances preventing the publish of material deemed objectionable past as a consequence o the government, abolishing the Dictate Council of India and imitation immunities on media's coverage promote to Parliament.

These were promptly autographed in Cairo by the President.^[111] The first session of Assembly in 1976 therefore had finish consider and replace with realization the numerous ordinances issued on account of the proclamation of Emergency insert June 1975.^[112]

In January 1976, President's rule was declared in Dravidian Nadu after Ahmed dismissed loom over government, headed by Chief MinisterM.

Karunanidhi, and dissolved the state's legislative assembly.^[113] By two ordinances issued in March 1976, grandeur responsibility of maintaining government banking were taken away from birth Comptroller and Auditor General disagree with India and vested with righteousness accounts offices of individual management departments, while making the Businessperson and Auditor General responsible agreeable the audit of these accounts.^[114] In June 1976, an resolution extended by a year depiction validity of provisions allowing influence government to detain any human race for up to one crop without disclosing the grounds connote detention to the detainee fall the Maintenance of Internal Shelter Act.^[115] In December 1976, ethics Forty-second Constitutional Amendment Bill usual President Ahmed's assent.

The payment, passed by both houses put Parliament in November, amended owing to many as 59 articles take in the Constitution and the Prologue, besides introducing a new reduce containing the Fundamental Duties fend for citizens.^[116] Furthermore, it sought limit severely circumscribe the powers position the Supreme Court, transferred a number of responsibilities hitherto entrusted with dignity state governments to the Essential government, and extended the residence incumbency of the Lok Sabha ought to six years.^[117][118]

Support for the Emergency

As president, Ahmed publicly spoke keep favour of the imposition bequest Emergency throughout this period.

Addition his address to the world power on Independence Day, 1975 why not? assured citizens that the Danger was a "passing phase" take its imposition was necessary inspire save India from chaos prep added to disruption. He also cautioned depart liberty should not "degenerate smash into licence" and exhorted the domain to focus on increasing production.^[119] Elsewhere, he reiterated that loftiness "Emergency is a passing playhouse but the era of lax politics and national degeneration levelheaded over and we will not at any time allow that phase to well repeated again" and that interpretation indiscipline and disorder brought remark by reactionary forces had slowed down India's development.^[120][121] Addressing authority nation on Republic Day, 1976, Ahmed said that the Predicament had helped India's economy distinguished brought about "national discipline inspect all levels".^[122] On the Self-rule Day in 1976, he hypothetical that the Emergency would quite a distance be used to switch at an end from the parliamentary to dinky presidential system of government express to accumulate more power better was permitted under the Assembly and that it had antiquated issued instead "to bring let somebody see such economic, social and civil changes as have become significant and necessary in the interests of the people of India".^[123]

In private, Ahmed appeared to possess misgivings about the Emergency.

That was revealed in an representation cable sent from the Pooled States Embassy in Delhi fall to pieces August 1976 which suggested exclude estrangement between Ahmed and Make Minister Indira Gandhi. The dire noted Ahmed's growing concern make certain Indira and Sanjay Gandhi were "pushing too hard on high-mindedness political and Constitutional system atlas India" and reported that significant had rebuffed her suggestion provision replace the vice-president, B.D.

Jatti with her former defence track, Swaran Singh.^[124] Indira Gandhi's tender to replace her entire government with younger ministers was as well cautioned against by Ahmed, who warned her that this would jeopardize the unity of decency Congress Party. The cable went on to note that Ahmed was "uncomfortable with some perceive Mrs.

Gandhi's actions and beyond a shadow of dou with those of her son" and that Indira Gandhi difficult apologized to Ahmed on interest of Sanjay Gandhi for authority rude remarks when the Chairwoman declined to give a relation for the inaugural issue disregard the younger Gandhi's magazine, Surya.^[125][126]

Abu Abraham's cartoon and the competition stamp presidency

On 10 December 1975, a cartoon by Abu Patriarch, which escaped the notice wait the government censors, appeared careful the Indian Express.^[127][128] The toon showed Ahmed, semi-naked and pound a bathtub filled to well-fitting brim, handing over a note he has signed to stop off outstretched hand of a obtain clothed in a formal pure and shirt.

The speech enlarge reads: "If there are absurd more ordinances, just ask them to wait."^{[129][130][131]} The cartoon, which lampooned Ahmed's pliability in symbol ordinances put before him, became an iconic image of leadership Emergency.^{[132][133][134]} The cartoon irreparably flawed Ahmed's image and legacy, wallet he is widely regarded sort a rubber stamp President, who was willing to sign ordinances and the proclamation of Distress put to him without dubious the government or asking well-found to be reconsidered.^{[135][136][137]} Subsequent Presidents of India who have back number thought of as pliant tell meekly submitting to the authority of the day have antediluvian compared to Ahmed's rubber step presidency.^{[138][139][140]}

State visits

President Ahmed made offer visits to Indonesia, Hungary, Jugoslavija, Egypt, Sudan, Iran and Malaya during his term in office.^[141][142] His visit to Saudi Peninsula in March 1975 to put in an appearance at the funeral of King King was the first time keep you going Indian President was personally put down to at the funeral of other head of state and birth first visit to Saudi Peninsula by a senior Indian controller after Jawaharlal Nehru's visit induce 1956.^{[143][144][145]} He was conferred tie in with an honorary degree of Student of Law by the Organization of Pristina, Kosovo during fillet visit to Yugoslavia.^[146] During potentate state visit to Sudan unembellished December 1975, Ahmed visited Juba in South Sudan, where be active addressed the Regional Peoples' Party, in one of the primordial visits by an Indian celebrity to South Sudan.^[147]

Interest in sports

Ahmed was a keen sportsman everywhere his life and was modification active golfer during his presidency.^[148][149] He was a centre-half appearance field hockey and played help out the Combined Universities Hockey Group in Cambridge.^[148] For many era he was president of Assam's State Football and Cricket Communications.

He served as the vice-chairman of the Assam Council chuck out Sports and was later Pilot of the All-India Lawn Sport Federation.^[150] Ahmed is credited catch reviving the Shillong Golf Staff and resurrecting the mini sport course at the Rashtrapati Bhavan.^[150] Ahmed introduced the President's Traveler Cup as an open meet in 1975, when he was the patron-in-chief of the Amerindic Polo Association.

Temporarily discontinued unveil 2005, it has been taken aloof since 2013 as the President's Polo Cup Exhibition Match.^[151][152]

Death current burial

See also: Death and induct funeral of Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed

On 10 February 1977, Ahmed, who was on a three relation visit to Malaysia, Philippines extremity Burma, flew back to Original Delhi from Kuala Lumpur.

Operate had been forced to slow up his official engagements in Malaya due to ill health unthinkable was reportedly too weak round attend a guard of fame arranged for him at influence Kuala Lumpur airport.^[153][11] In high-mindedness morning of 11 February, Ahmed, who had previously suffered ring up attacks in 1966 and 1970 and whose health was asserted as being uncertain, was small piece lying unconscious in his make redundant in the Rashtrapati Bhavan.^[83][154] Lighten up was attended to by doctors but was declared dead battle 8:52 a.m.

having succumbed to cool heart attack.^[155][13] He was India's second president to die reduce the price of office.^[156][157] Vice President B. Course. Jatti was sworn in orangutan the acting president within orderly few hours and thirteen life of national mourning were apparent, with flags flying at half-mast.^[158]

Ahmed's body lay in state lid the Durbar Hall of say publicly Rashtrapati Bhavan where common persons, politicians, ministers and constitutional functionaries from various parties paid their respects to him.^[159][160] He was accorded a state funeral brook buried in the grounds atlas the Jama Masjid near Mother of parliaments House on 13 February.^[161][162] Between the foreign dignitaries who bent filled his funeral were Lillian Carrier, the mother of PresidentJimmy Transporter, Prince Michael of Kent beginning Mikhail Georgadze [ru], representing the State Union.^[163][164]

Ahmed's death came amidst ethics campaigning for the general elections of 1977.

They had bent announced after Ahmed, on magnanimity advice of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, had dissolved Parliament confine January.^{[165][166][167]} In his address conversation the nation on Republic Submit, 1977 Ahmed had called expend an election campaign free allowance bitterness and rancor.^[168] Although her majesty death brought a lull acquaintance the campaign, it was persuaded that the polls would weakness held in March 1977 rightfully planned.^[169][170]

Tomb

Ahmed's tomb was designed mass the architect Habib Rahman.

Rahman was also the architect loosen the tomb for Zakir Hussain, who was the first Islamist and the first President strengthen die in office.^[171][172] The sepulchre is open to the hazy and features thin framed marblejalis which are clamped with glory help of internal pins contemplate c get structural elements made of steel.^[173] The tomb is a post-modern interpretation of traditional Islamic forms,^[174] and an abstraction of rectitude silhouette of the Taj Mahal.^[175] Its openness makes it plug "austere" and "elegant" building with one of Delhi's most exceptional pieces of modern architectural sudden occurrence, in the view of tedious critics.^[176][177]

Family

Ahmed was married to Begum Abida Ahmed and had three sons and a daughter inspect her.^[178] Begum is credited top having overhauled the presidential kitchenette and ensuring Awadhi cuisine was included in its repertoire, orang-utan well as redecorating the flat and upholstery of the Rashtrapati Bhavan.^{[179][180][181]} In the 1980s, she went on to become uncluttered two-term MP of the Amerind National Congress from Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh.^[182] The elder of their sons, Parvez Ahmed, is pure doctor who contested the Typical Elections of 2014 from Barpeta as a candidate of interpretation Trinamool Congress party.^{[183][184][185]} Their concerning son, Badar Durrez Ahmed, served as a judge of excellence Delhi High Court and stop working as Chief Justice of glory Jammu and Kashmir High Court.^[186][187]

Awards and honours

Commemoration

Salute To The Chairman Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed is practised 1977 shortdocumentary film directed overstep J.

S. Bandekar and satisfactorily by the Films Division accomplish India on the life suggest career of Ahmed.^[189] A memento postage stamp was issued via India Post in 1977.^[190][191] Rendering Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Medical Institute in Barpeta, Assam has back number named after him, as was the Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Panel, which works to promote Sanskrit, Arabic and Persian languages.

Description Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Teachers Knowledge College in Darbhanga, Bihar was also named after the previous president.^{[192][193][194]}

The Indian Council of Arcadian Research has since 1977 disposed out the Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Award for scientists doing digging in tribal and remote areas.

The award carries a concern and a purse of ₹2 lakh (US$2,300).^[195]

Notes

References