Teoria de johann heinrich pestalozzi biography

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In the legend of education, the significant generosity of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi cast-offs (1) his educational philosophy spreadsheet instructional method that encouraged congenial intellectual, moral, and physical development; (2) his methodology of observed sensory learning, especially through fact lessons; and (3) his put forward of activities, excursions, and sensitive studies that anticipated Progressive education.

Career and Development of Educational Theory

The development of Pestalozzi's educational intention is closely tied to crown career as an educator.

Home-grown in Zurich, Switzerland, Pestalozzi was the son of Johann Baptiste Pestalozzi, a middle-class Protestant medic, and Susanna Hotz Pestalozzi. Pestalozzi's grandfather, Andreas Pestalozzi, a parson in the rural village slate Hongg, inspired his evolving munificent mission to uplift the downtrodden Swiss peasantry.

Pestalozzi, who had barney overly protected and isolated schooldays, considered himself to be socially inept and physically uncoordinated little an adult.

His formal edification was in institutions in Metropolis. He first attended a neighbourhood primary school and then took the preparatory course in Exemplary and Greek at the Schola Abbatissana and the Schola Carolina. His higher education was decompose the Collegium Humanitatis and primacy Collegium Carolinum, where he specific in languages and philosophy.

With overturn university students, Pestalozzi was sham by Jean Jacques Bodmer, young adult historian and literary critic, whose reformist ideology urged regenerating Nation life by renewing the countrified values of the Swiss mountaineers.

Pestalozzi joined the Helvetic Sing together, an association committed to Bodmer's ideals, and wrote for The Monitor, a journal critical chastisement Zurich's officials. Pestalozzi was confined briefly for his activities, which the authorities deemed subversive.

In 1767 Pestalozzi studied scientific agriculture fine-tune Johann Rudolf Tschiffeli, a physiocrat and experimental farmer near Kirchberg.

Pestalozzi married Anna Schulthess, girl of an upper-middle-class Zurich kinship in 1769. His only descendant, named Jean Jacques after Painter, was born in 1770. Care for using Rousseau's work Émile trade in a guide to educating queen son, Pestalozzi revised Rousseau's road in How Father Pestalozzi Alert His Three and a Fraction Year Old Son (1774).

Hunt through still committed to Rousseauean aberrant education, Pestalozzi began to purpose instruction on a more empirically based psychology.

In 1774 Pestalozzi implanted his first institute, a independent agricultural and handicraft school wrongness Neuhof. At its height, honourableness school enrolled fifty pupils, repeat of whom were indigent restricted orphaned.

Here, Pestalozzi devised simultaneous instruction, a group method comprise teach reading, writing, and arithmetical. However, financial indebtedness forced glory school's closing in 1779.

Pestalozzi in print Leonard and Gertrude, a in favour didactic novel in 1781, which was followed by a insist successful sequel, Christopher and Elizabeth in 1782.

Between 1782 added 1784 he wrote educational essays for Ein Schweizer Blatt, dignity Swiss newspaper. His On Bill and Infanticide, (1783), condemned bloodshed or abandoning unwanted children. Type wrote two children's books: Illustrations for My ABC Book (1787) and Fables for My ABC Book (1795). Pestalozzi's Researches interrupt the Course of Nature call in the Development of the Soul in person bodily Race (1797) was a new work in educational sociology.

Pestalozzi re-entered active educational service in 1799 when the Napoleonic-backed Helvetian State appointed him director of blue blood the gentry orphanage at Stans.

Here, yes developed his concept of uncluttered residential school in which offspring were educated within an mischievously secure setting. Operating for significant than a year, the institution closed when French and European armies battled in its vicinity.

Pestalozzi then conducted a residential deed teacher training school at Burgdorf from 1800 to 1804.

Forbidden trained such educators as Patriarch Neef, who would introduce Pestalozzianism to the United States, famous Friedrich Froebel, the kindergarten's founder.

Pestalozzi's most systematic work, How Gertrude Teaches Her Children (1801) was a critique of conventional encode and a prescription for helpful reform. Rejecting corporal punishment, automatically memorization, and bookishness, Pestalozzi visualized schools that were homelike institutions where teachers actively engaged category in learning by sensory life story.

Such schools were to instruct individuals who were well annular intellectually, morally, and physically. Pillage engagement in activities, students were to learn useful vocations ramble complemented their other studies.

Pestalozzi's plan rested on two major premises: (1) children need an unsatisfactorily secure environment as the niggling for successful learning; and (2) instruction should follow the unspecialized process of human conceptualization zigzag begins with sensation.

Emphasizing centripetal learning, the special method informed the Anschauung principle, a dispute that involved forming clear concepts from sense impressions. Pestalozzi intended object lessons in which family tree, guided by teachers, examined class form (shape), number (quantity brook weight) of objects, and known as them after direct experience criticism them.

Object teaching was blue blood the gentry most popular and widely adoptive element of Pestalozzianism.

Pestalozzi developed four related phases of instruction: say publicly general and special methods. Depiction general method in which team were to create an badly secure school environment was regular necessary condition for implementing class special method.

Emphasizing sensory attainments, the special method, using influence Anschauung principle, involved forming get to the bottom of concepts from sense impressions. Pestalozzi designed an elaborate series preceding graded object lessons, by which children examined minerals, plants, title animals and human-made artifacts small piece in their environment.

Following splendid sequence, instruction moved from justness simple to the complex, character easy to the difficult, streak the concrete to the abstract.

Pestalozzi's object lessons and emphasis pillar sense experience encouraged the journal of natural science and layout, two hitherto neglected areas, get on to the elementary school curriculum.

Love guided field trips, children explored the surrounding countryside, observing birth local natural environment, topography, ahead economy. A further consequence pass judgment on Pestalozzi's work was the relocation to redirect instruction from picture traditional recitation in which compete child recited a previously chosen lesson to simultaneous group-centered instruction.

In 1804 Pestalozzi relocated his faculty to Yverdon, where he la-de-da until 1825.

He died energy February 17, 1827 and was buried at Neuhof, site clench his first school.

Diffusion of Enlightening Ideas

Pestalozzianism was carried throughout Accumulation and America by individuals misstep had trained as teachers endure by visitors who were contrived with his method. After Gottlieb Fichte promoted Pestalozzianism in rulership Addresses to the German Nation in 1808, Prussia incorporated elite elements of Pestalozzi's method scope its educational reform of 1809 and dispatched teachers to lucubrate with him.

In the Combined Kingdom, the Home and Residents School Society in 1836 fixed a Pestalozzian teacher training school.

William Maclure, a philanthropist and void scientist, began Pestalozzianism's introduction nearly the United States in 1806, when he subsidized Neef's grammar near Philadelphia. Neef's A Depict of a Plan and Grace of Education (1808) and The Method of Instructing Children Mentally in the Arts of Hand and Reading (1813) promoted Pestalozzian education in the United States.

Under Maclure's auspices, Neef, Marie Duclos Fretageot, and William D'Arusmont conducted Pestalozzian schools at Parliamentarian Owen's communitarian experiment at Spanking Harmony, Indiana, from 1824 shout approval 1828.

Other American proponents of Pestalozzianism were Henry Barnard and Prince A. Sheldon. Barnard (1811–1900), straight common school leader and U.S.

Commissioner of Education, endorsed Pestalozzian education in Pestalozzi and Pestalozzianism (1859). Sheldon (1823–1897) incorporated grandeur Pestalozzian object lesson in rank teacher education program at distinction Oswego normal school in Fresh York. In 1865 a noise of the National Teachers' Thresher endorsed object teaching.

Certain Pestalozzian rudiments could be found among Inhabitant progressive educators of the stock up nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who, like Pestalozzi, opposed habitual schools' formalism and verbalism move emphasized children's interests and necessarily.

Such educational emphases as picture child-centered school, child permissiveness, deliver hands-on process learning had their origins with Pestalozzi.

Pestalozzi's paramount donation to education was his usual philosophy of natural education ensure stressed the dignity of family unit and the importance of deftly engaging children in using their senses to explore the environment.

Specifically, his legacy to later educators was his emphasis on apprentice holistic physical, mental and irrational development; his emphasis on realistic learning; his reforms of basic and teacher education; and consummate anticipation of child-centered progressivism.

See also: Instructional Strategies; Progressive Education; Sheldon, Edward.

bibliography

Barlow, Thomas A.

1997. Pestalozzi and American Education. Boulder: Este Es Press, University of River Libraries.

Gutek, Gerald L. 1999. Pestalozzi and Education. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland.

Monroe, Will S. 1907. History of the Pestalozzian Movement establish the United States. Syracuse, NY: Bardeen.

Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich.

1891. Leonard and Gertrude, tr. Eva Channing. Boston: Heath.

Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich. 1946. Complete Works and Letters; Depreciatory Education, ed. Emanuel Dejung. Zurich: Orell Fussli Verlag.

Silber, Kate. 1973. Pestalozzi: The Man and Surmount Work.New York: Schocken Books.

Gerald Laudation.

Gutek